POCKET英语语法 35-39

这是崔荣容老师的POCKET英语语法的学习笔记。 35-39课，讲解的是非谓语动词。8月9号凌晨更新。计划本周更新完。

第35课非谓语动词

动词不定式： to + 动词原形构成。可以做主语，宾语，宾补，定于，表语和状语。
1. 主语, To get there by bike will take us an hour.
2. 宾语，The driver failed to see the car in time.
3. 宾补，We belive him to be guilty.
4. 定语，The next train to arrive is from seoul.
5. 表语和状语，My suggestion is to put off the meeting.
6. I come here only to say goodbye to you.
动词原形+ing，可作动名词用，具有动词的特征和变化。但在句子中的用法及功能类似名词：在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语、定语。也可以被副词修饰或者支配宾语。
1. Reading is an art.
2. They went on walking and never steped talking.
3. Your task is quickly cleaning the window.
4. This is a reading room.
练习
1. To finish the work will take us an hour. 动词不定式
2. I come here to say goodbye to you. 动词不定式
3. Talking is an art. 动名词

动词不定式或动名词，可以在句子主语的位置，但一般用it代替它作形式主语
1. Its a great honor to be invited. 被邀请很荣幸。
2. It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。
在宾语位置上，用it代替它做形式宾语。
1. We think it important to learn English. 宾语，我们认为学习英语很重要。
2. I found it pleasant walking in the park. 宾语，在公园里散步是件乐事。
对动名词或动词不定式前加 not 进行否定。
1. He pretended not to see her.
2. He regrets not joining them.
练习
1. It is use crying over spilt milk.
2. We think it important to learn English.
3. He pretended not to see her.

in order to + 动词， so as to + 动词，表示目的。
由 in order to 的目的终于，置于句首和句尾，由 so as to 引导的目的状语，只能放在句尾。
1. I have written it down,in order to remember it.
2. He shouted and waved so as to be noticed.
它们的否定形式分别在 to 前加 not。
1. I have writen it down in order not to forget it.
2. He said nothing so as not to be noticed.
练习
1. He gets up early so as to / in order to arrive at school on time.
2. He wrote it down in order to forget it.

too...to...,太...以至于不能， The room is too small to live.
enough + n +to + v / adj +enough + to + v，表示足够...可以...。There is enough food to eat.足够多的食物可以吃。
on ...+动词ing，表示一....就......。 On seeing the snake, the girl was very frightened.
There is no hope of + 动词ing，没希望做某事。 There is not hope of seeing him.
fell like + 动词ing，想要做某事。I fell like eating icecream now.
Have a hard time + 动词ing，做....很困难。 They have a hard time solving the problem them selves.
练习
1. There are enough books to read.
2. I feel like drinking coffee now.
3. The room is too small to live.

动词+ing，可以称之为动名词，也称为现在分词。
1. writing books is his job. 动名词。
2. He is writing a book. 现在分词。
动词的过去分词形式可以称为 P.P. ，用在完成时和被动语态中。
1. He has written the homework. 完成时。
2. The homework is written. 被动语态。
分词句，是包含了现在分词和过去分词的分句。
1. The students went out of the classroom laughing and talking.
2. A companied by his friend, he went to railway station.
练习
1. He likes drinking coffee. 动名词
2. The door was locked. 一般过去时，被动语态
3. Given better attention, The plants could grow better. 过去分词句。