POCKET英语语法 24-30

这是崔荣容老师的POCKET英语语法的学习笔记。最近几天生病了。恢复后坚持学完了。收获不小。笔记会慢慢更新出来。24-30课讲的是情态动词。8月2日凌晨更新了24-27课。 8月4日更新了28-30课。

第24课 情态动词 can / could / may / might

  1. can / could

    • 表示能力，用 Be able to 代替，意思是“能怎么样，会怎么样”。 can / could 现在/过去的能力。
    • 客观可能性，can 的可能性大。可能怎么样。

    • 表示请求和允许。可以怎么样。
      例子：

      1. He can / could / is able to swim. 他会游泳。
      2. He can / could come tomorrow. 他明天能来。
      3. Can / could i stay here? 我可以呆在这儿么？（could比较委婉）

  2. may 和 might

    • 表示可能性，may 的可能性大，请求允许might更委婉。

    • 口语中常用 yes，please / no， you cannt / mustnt （禁止）
      例子：

      1. He may / might come here by bus. 他可能坐车来。
      2. May / might i join you? 请求加入。-yes,please / no. you mustnt

    might---may---could---can 语气越来越委婉

  3. 练习

    1. She could speak French befor. but now she can not. 过去能，现在不能。
    2. Might I come in? - yes,please.

第25课 情态动词 must/have to 和 should/ought to

  1. must/ have to

    • must 表示主观多一些，而have to 则表示客观多一些。
    • have to 有时态和数量的变化，（has，had），must没有。

    • must和have to 二者否定意义不同。

      1. you mustn't go. 你不准去。
      2. you don't have to go. 你不必去。

    • 例子：

      1. You must get up early. 主观认为要回家了。
      2. It's going to rain, I have to go home now. 我必须回家了，不得不回家，客观地。

  2. should/ ought to

    • should 表示劝告，建议，命令。强调主观看法。
    • ought to 强调客观要求，疑问句中，通常用should。

    • 例子：

      1. You should / ought to do the job right now.
      2. Should they stay here now? 他们应该呆在这儿吗？

  3. 练习

    1. I have to / must go and see my mother in hospital tomorrow. 根据上下文来选择 have to 还是 must。
    2. You should work harder than that. 根据上下文选择 Should 和 ought to.

第26课 情态动词 need/don't have to

  1. need 需要， don't have to 不需要，不必。都是情态动词，可以接动词原形，无变化。

  2. need也可以做实意动词.有单三和时态的变化，可以 + to 的动词不定式。

    • 情态动词时： 接动词原形

      1. He need come here early.
      2. he needn't come here early.
      3. Need he come here early?--yes,he need. no, he needn't

    • 实意动词时： 有变化。

      1. He needs to come here early. 单三，一般现在时
      2. He doesn't need to come here early. 单三，一般现在时
      3. Does he need to come here early?--yes,he dose./no he doesn't.

  3. 回答 must和 have to 的提问时，否定式使用 needn't / dont have to等回答方式。例如:

    • Must I come here early tomorrow?--No,you needn't/ dont have to.

  4. 练习

    1. You needn't do it again. 不需要
    2. He needn't worry about it. 无需担心
    3. Does he need to do homework first? 他需要先做作业吗？

第27课 情态动词 had better/ would rather.

  1. had better 最好做某事，虽然had是过去时，但是不表示过去，better后面接动词原形。例子：

    1. He had better eat more. 他最好多吃点。
    2. You'd better finish it right now. 你最好马上做完。

  2. would rather 表示宁愿，宁可，最好，还是...为好。语感比 had better 要轻，后面接动词原形。

    1. You would rather deal with it now.
    2. You would rather not deal with it now.

  3. 否定形式

    • had better not + 动词原形

      • he had better not eat more.

    • would rather not + 动词原形

      • You would rather not deal with it now.

  4. 练习

    1. You had better stay here. 你最好呆在这儿。
    2. I would rather not say it. 我还是不说为好。

第28课 情态动词

情态动词 used to / would

  1. used to / would 表示过去习惯性动作，可以翻译成 “过去常常....”。used to 可以是过去的状态或情况。 would 不能。

    • The novel used to be popular. 小说过去很流行。

  2. would 表示反复发生，如果没有反复性，就不能用would，只能用 use to.

    • He would practise English everyweek.
    • I used to live in Beijing.

  3. used to 表示过去经常性或者习惯性的动作或状态现在已经结束了。would则表示有可能再次发生。

    • People used to belive that the earth was flat.
    • He would go to the park as soon as he was free.

  4. 练习

    1. The window used to be open.
    2. They would gather together.
    3. Sam used to play golf. but he doesn't now.

  5. 总结：

    • would 通常表示过去，反复发生的动作。
    • used to 表示反复发生的动作和状态。
    • used to 表示发生过后以后不再发生了。
    • would 表示以后可能再次发生。

第29课 情态动词

情态动词的否定和疑问。

  • 否定形式： 情态动词 + not + 动词原形

    1. He can't sing an English song.
    2. He may not know her.
    3. He mustn't go there.
    4. He doesn't have to go there. have to 需要助动词。

  • 使用情态动词进行提问。 情态动词 + 主语 + 动词原形

    1. Can he sing an English song?--yes, he can. / No, he cann't.
    2. Must he go there? -- Yes,he must/ No, he needn't.
    3. Dose he have to go there? -- Yes, he does / No, he doesn't.

  • 练习

    1. Can I stay here? -- Yes, please.
    2. Must she go back now?--No, she needn't.
    3. Dose he have to get up at 9? -- Yes, he does.

第30课 情态动词

  1. 情态动词 + have + 动词过去分词。表示表达过去的事实和推测的含义。翻译为“可能已经....”。

    1. He can/could have arrived. 他可能已经到了。
    2. He may/might have arrived.
    3. He must have arrived.

  2. Should + have + 过去分词。表示“本应该....”。 needn't + have + 过去分词，表示“本不需要....”。

    1. He should have arrived.
    2. They should have finshed the work.
    3. You needn't have done so.

  3. must have + 动词过去分词，表示“准是已经.....”。 Cann't have + 动词过去分词，表示“不可能已经.....”。

    1. He must have arrived.
    2. He cann't have arrived. 他不可能已经到了。

  4. 练习

    1. He can have arrived. 他可能已经到了。
    2. He must have arrived. 他准是到了。
    3. You needn't have done so. 他不不需要做完。
    4. They should have finished the work. 本应该。
    5. He cann't have arrived. 他不可能已经到了。